Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period
The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, also called Five Dynasties, was an era of political upheaval in 10th-centuryimperial China. During this period, five states quickly succeeded one another in the Chinese Central Plain, while more than a dozen concurrent states were established elsewhere, mainly in south China.
Traditionally, the era started with the fall of the Tang dynasty in 907 AD and ended with the founding of the Song dynasty in 960. However, many states were de facto independent long before 907, and the last of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms states,Northern Han, was not vanquished until 979.
Background[edit]
Towards the end of the Tang, the imperial government granted increased powers to the jiedushi, the regional military governors. The Huang Chao Rebellion weakened the imperial government, and by the early 10th century the jiedushi commanded de facto independence from its authority. Thus ensued the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.
The following were important jiedushi:
- Zhu Wen at Bianzhou (modern Kaifeng, Henan), precursor to Later Liang
- Li Keyong and Li Cunxu at Taiyuan (modern Taiyuan, Shanxi), precursor to Later Tang
- Liu Rengong and Liu Shouguang at Youzhou (modern Beijing), precursor to Yan
- Li Maozhen at Fengxiang (modern Fengxiang County, Shaanxi province), precursor to Qi
- Luo Shaowei at Weibo (modern Daming County, Hebei province)
- Wang Rong at Zhenzhou (modern Zhengding County, Hebei province)
- Wang Chuzhi at Dingzhou (modern Dingzhou, Hebei)
- Yang Xingmi at Yangzhou (modern Yangzhou, Jiangsu), precursor to Wu
- Qian Liu at Hangzhou (modern Hangzhou, Zhejiang), precursor to Wuyue
- Ma Yin at Tanzhou (modern Changsha, Hunan), precursor to Chu
- Wang Shenzhi at Fuzhou (modern Fuzhou, Fujian), precursor to Min
- Liu Yin at Guangzhou (modern Guangzhou, Guangdong), precursor to Southern Han
- Wang Jian at Chengdu (modern Chengdu, Sichuan), precursor to Former Shu
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